The math required to verify the transactions and earn bitcoins gets more complex all the time and demands more and more computer power. At. In this paper we show how PoW cryptocurrencies disproportionately impact vulnerable and developing communities globally, where PoW miners and other actors take. Cryptocurrency “miners” produce currency through energy intensive “mining” processes, requiring extensive computing resources. By the end of. BITCOIN VS BCH MINING PROFITABILITY

Bitcoin also stands out because of the industrial-scale mining operations, or farms, it has spawned. The largest crypto facilities with the most advanced technology are focused primarily or exclusively on Bitcoin, like the Genesis Mining farm, which consumes more electricity than any other company in Iceland. Bitcoin Mining Basics At the root of every cryptocurrency is a blockchain, which is essentially an electronic ledger sustaining a continuously growing list of records.

The blocks in the chain are basically files where data such as Bitcoin transactions are recorded, including which miner successfully created that particular block. Each block also includes a hash, a unique digit hexadecimal value identifying it and its contents, as well as the hash of the previous block in the chain. In order to win a block in most cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin included, a miner has to be the first to guess a hash value equal to or lower than the one that Bitcoin generates for the transaction.

Instead, the difficulty of solving for the right hash and the financial reward for success create a secure consensus mechanism by making it too cost-ineffective for malicious users to hack. The consensus mechanism used by Bitcoin is known as proof of work, or PoW. Still, it has drawbacks. As more computer power is used for mining, the amount of electricity required to both earn cryptocurrency and maintain the network rises. Some other cryptocurrencies, like Ethereum, have switched or are planning to switch to a different algorithm called proof of stake, or PoS.

Bitcoin, however, has not announced any plans to transition to PoS. The current bullishness around mining, even in the face of that planned drop, says a lot about the profitability of the industry and the expectation that the original cryptocurrency will keep appreciating. It also reflects the fact that the so-called hashrate, which measures the total number of hash guesses being computed at a given time in the network, plummeted when Chinese operators were forced to shutter in This created a huge opportunity for new miners.

Bitcoin Mining Setup The resources required for mining Bitcoin include: At least one specialized computer called an Application-specific Integrated Circuit or ASIC miner , which is specifically designed to compete for and support a particular cryptocurrency. A reliable and inexpensive energy supply. A dependable internet connection. A computer, software, and the technical skill to establish and monitor operations.

A home mining operation might consist of just a computer and a handful of ASIC miners. An ASIC miner is a specialized piece of hardware designed for mining a specific cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin. The next priority is power, which is needed both to run and to cool the ASICs. Given the relatively low overhead and variance in equipment costs, the price of electricity becomes the most significant factor in calculating your bottom line.

In terms of revenue, miners can expect to earn the block reward and a transaction fee the fee with which the network reimburses successful miners and incentivizes them to continue confirming transactions if and when they win a block. Transaction fees can vary based on network conditions and how much the transactor is willing to pay for expedited processing, but by the end of , the fees averaged about 0.

These tables represent typical costs and revenue based on values from December Figures are approximate. What this model also demonstrates is the importance of scale in order to earn back the initial investment quickly. Breaking even promptly requires multiple machines, and anyone considering investing should evaluate partnerships with existing players who already account for some of the hashrate in the network.

Bitcoin Mining Risks No new venture is risk-free, of course. Since miners are paid in Bitcoin, the price volatility is a major revenue risk. The operating risks include factors like potential problems with internet connectivity, overheating ASICs, and system hacks—though given the size and security of the Bitcoin network, hacking risk remains low.

Top of mind should be the availability and reliability of electricity. Because power is so central to this operating model, miners need to look very closely at the redundancy of their supply. While Texas has emerged as a center for the industry, there are significant questions about the vulnerability of its power grid that potential investors should consider. Mining farms are located all over the world. We don't know where every mining farm in the world is, but we have some educated guesses.

Most of the mining has been and still is located in China. Why is so much Mining happening in China? The main advantages of mining in China are faster setup times and lower initial CapEx which, along with closer proximity to where ASICs are assembled, have driven industry growth there Samson Mow CSO, Blockstream Bonus Chapter 1 Colocation Mining In this bonus chapter, we will learn about colocation bitcoin mining and its differences from cloudmining. If you were interested in cloud mining, but are worried about falling victim to a scam, then this is the closest thing to it.

What is Colocation Mining? Colocation mining is a business arrangement between a bitcoin mining management company and a customer. The management company establishes a location to mine the bitcoins at and strikes a deal with a power company to get favorable prices on electricity.

Compass Mining, a colocation company, offers many options on where you can host your miners. Finally, the management company employs workers to make sure the ASICs run smoothely while keeping the location safe from theives.

Something very unique about colocation miners is that the management company may not own any of the ASICs itself. Who owns the miners? Well, you, the customer, do. You contact the management company running the colocation mine, and purchase ASICs through them.

The management company acts as a kind of ASIC broker. The colocation management company makes money in several ways. Each management company is different, but they all make money using one or more of the following ways: They charge you a monthly hosting fee for maintaining the miners and keeping them safe in their mine. They make a commission for arranging the sale of the ASICs to you. They take a cut of the mining profits from all the miners in the mine.

They add a surcharge onto the electricity that your ASICs consume in their mine. ASIC repair services in case your miners ever needs to be repaired. So to summarize: in a colocation mining operation, you own, control, and monitor your own ASICs. The colocation mine custodies them and lets you know if there are any issues with them. They also keep them safe by securing and maintaining the mining site. So now you may be wondering, how is this different from cloud mining?

First, we need to define what Cloud Mining is. What is Cloud Mining? Cloud mining is a business arrangement where a miner owns all of the ASICs in his mine. He offers to sell some of his hashing power to you, the customer and you get any bitcoin mined using that hashing power. In a cloud mining arrangement, you do not own anything. You are effectively renting the hashing power from the miner in exchange for potential profits in bitcoin. Since you do not own the ASICs, you have no control over what they mine, when they mine, how they mine, etc.

And because of this, cloud mining attracts lots of scammers. An old screenshot of Hash Ocean's website promising free bitcoin rewards for life for early sign ups. They ended up being a scam. In most cases, in a cloud mining operation They don't exist. At all. The only reason you ever make money is because someone else signed up and paid the cloud miner money to get started.

New customers pay off the old ones until there are no new people to sign up. At that point, the founders run away with as much money as they can. Mining City, another famous cloud miner, was running a ponzi scheme where the founders ran away with the money. And since no one actually owns any ASICs including the cloud miner himself , there are no assets to liquidate to pay back the victims. It's all fictitious. How is Colocation Mining different from Cloud Mining?

Aside from the fact that one of these models is typically legitimate and the other is typically a scam, there are some other differences even if you assume the cloud miner is running an honest operation. First, in colocation mining, you own the ASICs. In cloud mining, you don't. Second, because you own the ASICs in colocation mining, you get to decide which coins you want to mine and how you want to mine them. In cloud mining, you just pay money to a miner and hope you get more back than you put in.

It's up to him to decide how and what to mine. Is Colocation Mining a Good Alternative to Cloud Mining If you want to mine, but don't think you have enough money or experience to start your own mining farm, then colocation can be a great way to start mining. It allows you to leverage the bargaining power on electricity and ASICs of a big mining operation without having to put up millions of dollars to start mining. In exchange for this, you pay a small fee and don't need lots of expertise to get going.

Bonus Chapter 2 Important Bitcoin Mining Terms In this bonus chapter, we will learn about some of the most common terms associated with bitcoin mining. If you are thinking about mining at any level, understanding what these terms means will be crucial for you to get started. Miner Anyone who mines Bitcoins or any other cryptocurrency. Block Reward The block reward is a fixed amount of Bitcoins that get rewarded to the miner or mining pool that finds a given block.

Mining Pool A collection of individual miners who 'pool' their efforts or hashing power together and share the block reward. Miners create pools because it increases their chances of earning a block reward. Block Reward Halving Approximately every 4 years, the block reward gets cut in half. The first block reward ever mined was in and it it was for 50 Bitcoins. That block reward lasted for four years, where in , the first reward halving occurred and it dropped to 25 Bitcoins.

In , a second halving occurred where the reward was reduced to And as of the time of this writing, we are on the cusp of the third halving ETA May 11th , where the reward will be cut down to 6. You can find the most up to date estimation of exactly when the next halving will occur on our bitcoin block reward halving clock. Hashing Power or Hash Rate How many calculations hashes a miner can perform per second.

Or it can refer to the total amount of hashing done on a chain by all miners put together - also known as "Net Hash". You can learn more about Hash Rate by reading our article about it. Difficulty Measured in Trillions, mining difficulty refers to how hard it is to find a block.

The current level of difficulty on the Bitcoin blockchain is the primary reason why it is not profitable to mine for most people. Difficulty Adjustment Bitcoin was designed to produce block reliably every 10 minutes. Because total hashing power or Net Hash is constantly changing, the difficulty of finding a block needs to adjust proportional to the amount of total hashing power on the network.

In very simple terms, if you have four miners on the network, all with equal hashing power, and two stop mining, blocks would happen ever 20 minutes instead of every ten. Therefore, the difficulty of finding blocks also needs to cut in half, so that blocks can continue to be found every 10 minutes. Difficulty adjustments happen every 2, blocks. This should mean that if a new block is added every 10 minutes, then a difficulty adjustment would occur every two weeks.

The 10 minute block rule is just a goal though. Some blocks are added after more than 10 minutes. Some are added after less. Its a law of averages and a lot if left up to chance. That doesn't mean that for the most part, blocks are added reliably every 10 minutes. Kilowatt Hour A measurement of energy consumption per hour. Most ASIC miners will tell you how much energy they consume using this metric.

The media constantly says Bitcoin mining is a waste of electricity. But, there are some problems with their theories as we'll discuss. Certain orthodox economists have criticized mining as wasteful. It must be kept in mind however that this electricity is expended on useful work: Enabling a monetary network worth billions and potentially trillions of dollars! Not just of electricity, but of money, time and human resources! Mining Difficulty If only 21 million Bitcoins will ever be created, why has the issuance of Bitcoin not accelerated with the rising power of mining hardware?

Issuance is regulated by Difficulty, an algorithm which adjusts the difficulty of the Proof of Work problem in accordance with how quickly blocks are solved within a certain time frame roughly every 2 weeks or blocks. Difficulty rises and falls with deployed hashing power to keep the average time between blocks at around 10 minutes. For most of Bitcoin's history, the average block time has been about 9. Because the price is always rising, mining power does come onto the network at a fast speed which creates faster blocks.

However, for most of the block time has been around 10 minutes. This is because Bitcoin's price has remained steady for most of Block Reward Halving Satoshi designed Bitcoin such that the block reward, which miners automatically receive for solving a block, is halved every , blocks or roughly 4 years. Honest Miner Majority Secures the Network To successfully attack the Bitcoin network by creating blocks with a falsified transaction record, a dishonest miner would require the majority of mining power so as to maintain the longest chain.

To achieve it, an attacker needs to own mining hardware than all other honest miners. This imposes a high monetary cost on any such attack. Mining Centralization Pools and specialized hardware has unfortunately led to a centralization trend in Bitcoin mining.

Bitcoin mining is certainly not perfect but possible improvements are always being suggested and considered.

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Benefits of Customized Bitcoin Mining Software Development The secure and decentralized applications will correspond to the individual needs of your business. Such software will be best adapted to your capacities, and all the settings will be configured exactly as you need them to be.

It is enough to prepare correct technical specifications and supervise the Bitcoin software development process, and you will get a miner that is perfect for you. Another advantage is quality assurance. Unlike a freelance programmer, a respectable company always cares about its reputation and will never try to ignore you, refusing to support your software product. Developers bear responsibility for their work, and you will never be left alone with your problems, unlike in the case of free software.

If you have not made up your mind about the exact specifications, another advantage is the flexibility of Bitcoin software development. You can order an MVP minimum viable product to test various hypotheses. All the detailed functions can be determined later. Disadvantages The development of customized software is expensive.

You should analyze everything to find out whether it will pay off. If you are going to start mining, do the calculations first. Find out the hash rate of your equipment, input power, cost of KWh, current blockchain complexity and blockchain costs. You can use any online calculator, many of which automatically enter known values. This is analyzed individually for each assignment, but you can be sure that it will be quite expensive.

Blockchain technology is designed so that Bitcoin development does not stop and keeps attracting more and more investors. The Bitcoin protocol includes such concepts as public and private keys, ensures the security of transactions and provides tools for developing new financial services such as smart contracts. All of this is based on cryptography. At the heart of cryptocurrency mining is a math problem.

The Bitcoin core contains an algorithm for the calculation of a unique hash — a number that provides a solution to a specific problem. The Bitcoin network is built on the hash function SHA All Bitcoin transactions conducted on a blockchain are saved in a memory pool. When a new block is created in the network, it records information about transactions for which the miner claims transaction fees.

Block owners validate Bitcoin transactions to prevent repeating payments and using false data. This is the operating principle of any blockchain technology. Moreover, you get a reward for successfully mining a block. The reward size is cut in half after every , blocks or approximately every 4 years.

After the Bitcoin halving in , the reward for Bitcoin mining has been 6. How to Become a Miner? There are two options. Rent Capacity Using Cloud Services If you have a computer, but its capacity is not enough for solo mining, you can join a mining pool. In this case, the block reward will be distributed proportionate to the provided capacities, and you will not need to install any software, with all transactions conducted by web services that are interfaces of secure platforms. Recently, mobile mining has been gaining popularity.

In this case, you can mine cryptocurrency using a mobile app. This is a great passive income source that does not require any investment. However, the profits are also quite small and depend largely on the device capacity. Buy Equipment Purchasing your own farm is very expensive. Only large companies can afford that.

Mining Bitcoin using the CPU mining central processing unit of one computer is no longer profitable due to the high competition and constantly increasing complexity of hash function calculations. Even though the CPU will solve the problem sooner or later, someone will likely do it before you, and the efforts will be wasted. GPU mining is actively used by the miners of other digital assets altcoins where the requirements are not as high as in the case of the Bitcoin blockchain.

This method of BTC mining is no longer profitable. This is a calculation device with an integrated circuit that goes over cryptographic data very fast, searching for the nonce the number that allows obtaining the necessary hash. The only objective of this computer is to use a specific algorithm for mining digital assets.

This is why ASICs are developed for specific blockchains. Their design is minimalistic compared to PCs. Another aspect is the high demand for such equipment. Often, it is only available for pre-order. The main factor that should be considered when choosing this device is the hash rate — the computational power of searching for the hash. Another factor is the input power. You should take into account certain specifics of ASIC operation: the equipment is very noisy and can thus only be operated in non-residential premises; the equipment requires serious attention to maintaining the right microclimate, as dust and temperature fluctuations can cause equipment failure; high humidity also affects the operational characteristics; finding a service center might prove difficult.

You will also need a stable Internet connection and electric power for mining. Mining farms are usually located in countries with low utility fees and electricity costs, such as Argentina. Equipment can be purchased at exchange platforms or directly from manufacturers. How to Choose a Bitcoin Developer? Even though the crypto market is relatively new, reliable companies have already won the confidence of customers. If you choose to work with a new company, supervise the Bitcoin miner development process in order to ensure the implementation of all the important functions.

If the developer is interested in the result, they will be happy to cooperate. Pay attention to the time frame. Such software cannot be written in one or two days. If the developer does not study your technical specifications or disregards them completely, pretending to know better, this is an untrustworthy partner. At the very best, you will get a standard program that is not customized to your specific tasks.

In the worst-case scenario, you will lose money and will not get the necessary software. Private software developers do not always ensure security and sometimes even deliberately include viruses into the program code. At the end of the day, you might lose all your savings when a third party obtains access to your wallets. An expert will advise you on the costs and performance time. Pooled Mining Protocols Prior to mining pools, Bitcoin mining required solo miners to connect and interact with the Bitcoin protocol itself by running full nodes.

To standardize communication between miners and the Bitcoin protocol, an open-source "getwork" protocol was used as a quick and easy solution for standalone miners to start mining. Stratum V1 solved some of the growing pains that Bitcoin mining was experiencing when it first became popular. Since the release of Stratum V1, it has been the standard protocol used during the past 8 years and to this day by most pools.

Despite its success, Stratum V1 has some shortcomings. Thus, many new improvements have been suggested over the years, which have led to development of Stratum V2. Stratum V2 is not yet supported by Bitcoin Core but should be considered in the future as it improves decentralization of the network while reducing data requirements when passing information between miners and mining pools.

There was also a draft of the so-called Better Hash mining protocol by Matt Corallo - this protocol introduced the concept of miners selecting their own transactions blocks. Work on this protocol was discontinued and Matt became a co-author of the Stratum V2 mining protocol which includes the custom work selection feature first proposed in Better Hash.

Mining Bit-streams ASIC miners are required to have operating software that allows users to operate their miner. This software is also used to communicate with the pool. Miners will receive uncompleted work from the pool and in return submit back proof of work.

Pools will then publish the block to the blockchain if a valid hash is found. CG Miner command line interface - the early days of mining Over time, certain parts of the open-source CGminer code began to disappear and people were left with a half-functional software to run their miners.

People who had functioning software kept it to themselves and no development was made to fix bugs on CGminer. With the introduction of ASICs, manufacturers began shipping their miners with their own custom software. During this time, Braiins recognized the need to develop an open-source software program that was free of bugs and maintained by industry experts. And best of all, BOSminer is completely released now, so you can put it into action today!

The tool provides data about current hash rate, temperature, and other important mining information. It enables you to batch miners together and make configuration changes to all miners in the batch or only selected miners. Frequently Asked Questions Below are some of our most asked questions by readers.

What is an ASIC miner? In our case it's dedicated to Mine Bitcoin and only to mine Bitcoin. You can, but you will lose lots of money doing this. The cost of electricity to mine using a computer will cost significantly more than the amount of Bitcoin you are able to mine. Even if you have the very best computer on the market, it will never compete with the profitability of an ASIC mining machine which is specifically developed to mine Bitcoin.

Historically you could profitably mine with a computer but those days are long gone. In the early years of Bitcoins existence people used to mine with computer processors CPUs. Mining with anything other than an ASIC today is very unprofitable and you are better off buying the Bitcoin on the market than using them. Unless you can find free electricity through your government or housing contract you cannot mine Bitcoin for free. Even if you can secure free electricity you will still need to buy some kind of mining hardware in order to mine Bitcoin.

Should I mine Bitcoin? In most cases you probably should not mine bitcoin. Unless you can acquire mining hardware and have a cheap or free electricity rate it is difficult to mine bitcoin profitably. Bitcoin mining is a very competitive global industry that is open to anybody with mining hardware.

If you can profitably compete with those in the industry it may be worth it but in most cases you will get more for your money by buying from the market. If you don't believe us, just use our Bitcoin mining profitability calculator to see for yourself. Bitcoin mining rigs and systems have come a long way since the beginning.

The first Bitcoin miners made do with the tools they had at their disposal and set up various software to control the mining hardware in their rigs. Not only did that slow down the mining process, but it also made it difficult for newcomers to join in on the fun. Necessity is the mother of all invention, so along came solutions like Awesome Miner, ethOS, and SimpleMining that streamlined the mining process.

What is CGMiner? CGMiner is one of the oldest bitcoin mining software and it has the ability to run on any computer and is compatible with multiple mining hardware.

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