This round is very important as it will help kickstart the winning team's economy. A winning team will get $ or more, while the losers will only get around. Team to Destroy the Next Tower CS:GO Dota 2. Overwatch For example, where a Champion/Hero is killed by tower or minion/creep damage. Jesper "Damage" Sørensen (formerly known as DMGZ) (born May 10, ) is a Danish professional Counter-Strike: Global Offensive commentator. FOREX INVESTMENT GROUP

When we look at the top end of the spectrum, Global Elite, we can confirm that just 0. Is that an accurate representation? There are many servers that will help you train your aim, such as headshot-only or FFA maps. These are the ranks typically associated with the average competitive player — the gamers that care about their stats and performance, and the players that maybe stream their gameplay.

Have you considered becoming a professional CSGO esports player? Maybe you should. So, you know what the CSGO ranks actually are, but how do they work? In the intervening time, the opportunities offered by developments in technology saw new forms of hybrid-fantasy sports emerge in the shape of daily fantasy products. Just as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act UIGEA crippled the buoyant online poker market in the USA, the same Act carved out exemptions for fantasy sports, arguing that the results were based on the relative knowledge and skill of participants and not chance.

In short, fantasy sports were not gambling, they were a skill-based game. Not long after, daily fantasy sports were born. Indeed, one commentator has noted how daily fantasy continues to incorporate the language, culture and ethos of online poker Kang, The turning point for daily fantasy was the entrance of two venture capital start-ups into the market—one in FanDuel, the other in DraftKings.

Heavy investment requires results and a raft of advertising, sponsorship tie ups and increasingly high-profile prize pots ensued. As did controversy. And, of course, debate continued about whether daily fantasy represented gambling or not, with some arguing the exemptions set out by UIGEA did not anticipate or include such rapid turn-around competitions.

A few states agreed and either required daily fantasy to be licensed as gambling or outlawed it all together. But this was not all. If daily fantasy sought to capitalise on poker markets that were no longer legal, especially by aping their look and feel, they also set up infrastructure to ensure they could capitalise on the long-rumoured legalisation of sports betting in America. Yet again, the art of the cross-sell. The primary commodity these companies possessed was a large pre-existing database of people really, really into sports.

Their platforms were set up so that data could be shared between different product verticals and, due to mass advertising and sponsorships, companies like FanDuel or DraftKings had high brand recognition—they became household names. When New Jersey became the first state outside of Nevada to legalise sports betting, it was FanDuel and DraftKings who emerged as market leaders.

This was a strategic business decision. We have recently gone live in Pennsylvania, where we are one of the first operators to launch online, and we hope to replicate our success there too. Murphy, Other operators also saw the massive opportunities that daily fantasy companies could offer in terms of access to the US market. At the time, Paddy Power Betfair were explicit in their motivations, announcing that the acquisition strengthened their ability to target prospective US sports bettors through the addition of a strong brand and large pre-existing customer base Ahmed, The success of daily fantasy in the US has long been associated with their betting laws, with daily fantasy arguably offering an alternative, legal, outlet for sports fans who want to express this through the wagering of money.

In the early days, this notion was contested by industry executives who argued that daily fantasy served a different target audience to potential sports bettors. Yet, the marketing and business strategies of daily fantasy providers suggest otherwise. If these were such separate streams, with limited potential for cross-sell, large conglomerates like Paddy Power Betfair would not be that interested in them.

And increasingly, this is not borne out by research. Studies in New Jersey showed that there was high degree of concordance between gambling and daily fantasy Nower et al. Other researchers have shown how sports fandom, fantasy sports and sports betting are interlinked, with sports fandom being directly related to fantasy sports participation, which in turn was highly related to sports betting Houghton et al. Of course, there will be some for whom daily fantasy is their thing—the one and only activity they are interested in—but it is also quite clear there is a high degree of interest in other forms of gambling too among daily fantasy players: something which companies have been eager to capitalise on.

But what about daily fantasy in other jurisdictions? Great Britain is an interesting case study here—especially in the context of its legal and mature online sports betting market. First, unlike the USA, there are no exemptions from gambling regulation for daily fantasy. It is categorised as pools betting and thus you need a gambling license to offer this. In fact, very little information about fantasy sports in Britain is available.

In their annual statistics, only aggregate data across all pools licensees is given. And yet, there appears to be a growing interest in this, certainly by corporations. Paddy Power, off the back of its deal with FanDuel, launched Paddy Power Fantasy in and, echoing the moves of major broadcast corporations in the USA, Sky Sports launched a fantasy six-a-side game for every featured premiership match shown on Sky though this proved to be short-lived. Daily fantasy companies like Sportico are the official daily fantasy sponsors of football teams like Queens Park Rangers, Burnley and Fulham whereas DraftKings became the daily fantasy sponsor of Arsenal, Liverpool and Watford.

There is a hugely popular fantasy sports base in Britain, which intersects with sports fandom. Broadcasters in the USA also invested heavily in fantasy sports, seeing this as a way to expand viewer numbers for certain games, moving beyond traditional fandom.

What daily fantasy shows is how data, prediction, games and gambling coalesce around one product. The quantification of sporting data to look at performance is nothing new. The difference, yet again, is speed, reach and access. The internet allows the fast exchange of data and information and big data processing power allows the synthesis of this into more rapid, meaningful results—it is for good reason that daily fantasy communities were upset about some players using computer scripts to gain advantage in competitions.

The net result is to turn players into commodities, whose value change based on performance. These processes are epitomised by relatively new betting products offered by companies like Football Index who took this development to its logical conclusion. Their trading engine is provided by NASDAQ, who at the time of its announcement were effusive about expanding their trading platforms beyond traditional stocks and shares.

It is the ultimate example of individualised commodification, where the stock is not a business but rather an individual. At the end of this process, the individual player has turned into a fully individualised tradeable commodity quantified by a system that defines their net worth. Considering football is ultimately a team sport, where fandom revolves around the club, it is an especially interesting lesson in individual commodification.

Esports On the 28 July , parents of many British teenagers experienced a sinking feeling: Jaden Ashman, a year-old lad from Essex, along with his gaming partner had just come second in the Fortnight World Cup Duos event. This was no fluke, however. Jaden and his partner were arguably shock winners, but they had practiced for up to eight hours a day and employed a tactics coach for the world cup event.

Over 23, fans attended the Arthur Ashe stadium to watch the three-day extravaganza and millions more streamed the event on Twitch one of the most popular esports streaming services. Prior to the finals, there had been regional qualifying competitions and it was reported that over 40 million people worldwide attempted to qualify. There should be no doubt: esports is big business.

This, of course, was not the first esports event but it was one of the first to attract mainstream attention, especially mainstream media attention. A combination of high-value prize pools and the young age of its winners were perfect fodder to raise the profile of esports among those who quite simply may have missed this growing phenomenon.

The history of esports, as we now call it, reaches back to the s—as soon as there were digital games, including consoles and arcades games, there was competitive gaming. One of the earliest recorded was the tournament held in , hosted at Stanford University, where 24 players competed on the game SpaceWar. The introduction of permanent high scorers lists on arcade games naturally facilitated competition and by over 10, people took part in the World Space Invaders Championship.

As technology developed, so did opportunities for competitive gaming. Focus switched to PC and console games and the ability to compete in teams, as well as solo. The StreetFighter competitions of the mids gave way to team events in competitions focusing on game titles like Counter-Strike or Call of Duty, among others. Things developed further with Multiplayer Online Battle Arena games, where two teams of players compete against each other. Through this, titles like the League of Legends or Defense of the Ancients 2 DotA 2 grew in popularity and became the cornerstone of esports competitions.

This brief review highlights that esports is a catch-all phrase for a number of different game competitions—whilst esports itself refers to competitive electronic games, there are different types of competitions, leagues and teams all vying for position across different game titles. Different leagues operate in different ways. Think Wimbledon for DotA 2 esports professionals. There are open qualifying events, regional qualifiers, round robins, play offs, a group stage as well as the main event where the final 16 teams from across the world compete.

The whole process takes a little under two months. Alongside the thousands who packed into the stadium in Shanghai to see the action, there was a total peak viewership of the finals of nearly 2 million people, watching on streaming services like Twitch or through YouTube or Facebook. These spectators accounted for over What these examples show is the spread and reach of the esports world. In March , the Bahrain Formula 1 F1 Grand Prix was replaced with the first ever virtual F1 race, complete with race commentary from esports pundits and a mixture of pro and celebrity participants.

Shown on Sky Sports 1 in Great Britain but streamed via online platforms, its estimated that over 3 million people watched this race myself included, and I have to confess I found it more fun than traditional F1 races , and the full series attracted 30 million views F1, Esports teams have sponsors, have managers, coaches, nutritionists and even specialist mental health services to aide often young competitors to cope with the pressures of their profession. Footnote 4 One year on and he has indeed bought the house he promised his mum.

Some mainstream companies, sporting or otherwise, have long seen the potential of esports to extend their brands and promote fan engagement. Initially, FC Schalke had simply wanted to host an esports tournament at their staduim. By the time they had finished consulting with Tim Reichert, a professional footballer and esports pioneer, they had established their own team—Reichert selling them on the brand reach esports would provide.

In sports, brand expansion and brand maintenance is a vital part of the economic model and FC Schalke hit on a novel way to reach a younger target audience. Others have opted for the more traditional sponsorship route. Big name brands such as Red Bull, Renault, Honda, Gucci and Verizon along with more endemic companies, to name but a few, sponsor different esports teams. And now that esports has huge international reach, this opportunity has not gone unnoticed by the betting operators.

Whilst mainstream attention has been focused on the increasingly symbiotic relationship between traditional sports and gambling sponsorship e. Of the top ten esports teams, Footnote 5 three now have sponsorship link ups with gambling companies. Like other global sporting conglomerates, ENCE along with others is more than just an esports team.

You can buy branded merchandise, they have their own YouTube channels and have their own media channels: ENCE TV, reportedly with over 4 million views. Whilst the nature of this sponsorship with NitroCasino remains to be developed, it is not inconceivable to imagine ENCE-based slot games joining the ranks of Brittany Spears or Elvis whose slot games proliferate Las Vegas casinos.

Likewise, personal endorsements may follow and most importantly, sponsorship ties ins, give gambling companies like NitroCasino access to a massive network of fans at whom to market their products. Interestingly, NitroCasino is a relatively new entrant to the online casino market, which is notoriously competitive, relying on volume and player turnover to maintain market share.

In a world when attracting the next generation of gamblers has mainstream gambling companies concerned, links with esports teams are an effective way to reach prime target markets. ENCE has already started publishing marketing material for NitroCasino, with one YouTube clip released on 17 July already garnering over 40, views. Of course, this is not a new development—though perhaps is one of the more interesting recent moves with a brand ostensibly focused on casino and slots hitching their wagon to esports.

Other sponsorship deals started around the mids—with Betway most notably entering into a major sponsorship deal with the high-ranking Swedish team Ninjas in Pyjamas NiP. At the time, this was a considered a bold move, purely in financial terms. Such sponsorship does not come cheap. The partnership, initially commencing in , was reported to pay each player a notable sum per month. Its renewal in was said to be for a seven-figure value Fitch, Of course, this gives Betway access to NiP fanbase for marketing.

Betway have also established themselves as global leaders in offering betting on esports. On the day of writing 8am on a Monday morning there were three live esports tournaments happening right now that I could bet on; all of which I could watch through the Betway website, via a live stream. On a Thursday afternoon, there were over different esports bets on offer.

Not only do Betway sponsor teams they have expanded out from NiP to include a range of different teams in different leagues for different games , they also sponsor tournaments, being the primary sponsors of the ESL formerly the Electronic Sports League CS:GO tournaments. Key drivers which set esports apart from other more traditional sponsorship and marketing opportunities are both its reach in terms of audience profile and the technological ecosystem in which it is embedded.

Esports fans tend to be younger and male, making them an extremely attractive target audience for betting and gambling companies. However, it is the technological ecosystem in which esports are embedded that really sets esports apart in terms of marketing opportunities. Yes, as Betway have shown, you can sponsor teams, have your logos on shirts, sponsor tournaments but the action for esports is in the streaming.

They do this through the streaming chat functions, through Twitter or by connecting with friends using specific communication software such as Discord. Esports spectatorship is rarely a solitary, passive experience. These streamers themselves have become powerful influencers, using their platform and profiles to connect consumers and brands Miachon, The interconnected use of multiple different platforms for esports fandom and its highly digitally engaged fan base gives rise to innumerable opportunities for marketing.

The opportunities this affords have not gone unnoticed by betting and gambling companies and their marketing affiliates. Though this is not without controversy. Most recently, British research into gambling advertising, marketing and youth noted particular issues around esports. In their analysis, using a sample of data collected in , researchers identified 44 Twitter accounts promoting esports betting which were responsible for sending out nearly 50, tweets, half of which were directly related to gambling and betting.

Within their sample, the esports tweet which garnered most traffic was one from Betway advertising giveaway bundles for CS:GO. Notably, they affirmed that esports marketing should not feature anyone who looks under 25—a challenge for a sporting sector where champions can be in their teens.

Betway were not the first bookmaker to offer esports betting but they were, arguably, the first to capitalise on the unique marketing and branding opportunities offered by esports. Where they started, others have followed. Unibet became the official betting partner for team Astralis in and though there is debate within the esports community as to whether such sponsorship should be allowed, it seems likely that this process will continue.

Whilst the benefits for the gambling companies are clear, so too are the benefits for esports teams. Sponsorship funding has clearly enabled some to help grow the sport and, sometimes, continued sponsorship is contingent on this occurring. As is evident in traditional sports, it appears there are increasingly co-dependent relationships between some gambling companies and the development of esports teams as global brands and enterprises.

Yet again, whilst most mainstream regulators, academics and politicians have been focused on football, and on the attendant normalisation of gambling that this may bring, these same processes have been embedding themselves into esports communities, with little mainstream comment. Given the projected growth of esports and esports betting, this is likely to attract increased regulatory and policy attention. This is already starting. The designation of COVID as a worldwide pandemic precipitated unprecedented changes in behaviours, the effect of which is we are still experiencing and may be long lasting.

The initial COVID lockdown saw the cancellation of many major sports events worldwide and bookmakers braced themselves for a major downturn. A noted side effect, however, was an increased interest in esports. Yes, esports too had to adapt—no longer could tournaments be held in arenas with players sitting side by side, but with some adaptation, teams could and did compete.

Mainstream recognition of esports came with the likes of F1 and Nascar creating esports races to replace the real thing. In Britain, at least, the bookmakers were quick to seize the opportunity. I sat watching the first F1 virtual race on March 22 , monitoring the odds offered on the race by a major British bookmaker who previously had little to no portfolio for esports. Their odds tracked performance as the race progressed and updated accordingly.

This was really an entry-level introduction to esports, a way to continue to engage F1 fans when nothing else was available but, of course, the standard esports tournaments also kept on going. With an emerging sector like esports, consideration naturally turns to who these bettors are. Empirical investigation is nascent and there are few estimates about which we can be confident. Studies have tended to show that esports bettors are more likely to be male, to be heavily engaged in esports and video gaming, and to be heavily engaged in other forms of gambling.

To many that may seem a very low number, and that esports betting is a niche activity. But it is not when considered in context. Only buying scratchcards, lottery tickets and sports betting reached double-digit figures for participation. Furthermore, these esports bettors had a very particular demographic profile—they were more likely to be male and to be from non-white ethnic backgrounds.

They were also far, far more likely to experience problem gambling and to be very engaged in digital games, especially gambling-like practices that are embedded within digital games like loot box purchases or skin betting. This is just one preliminary study but there appears to be a whole ecosystem in which esports bettors are embedded which may encourage or facilitate certain forms of gambling and gambling-like practices.

These practices themselves are increasingly associated with harms. Traditional bricks and mortar casinos have also jumped on the esports bandwagon. Footnote 6 Sitting in the audience, I was staggered that two industry professionals would be quite so brazen.

I asked them to repeat this, which they did, and queried whether they thought this was OK given that so many esports fans attending tournaments were not of legal age to gamble. These two industry executives, working for the same company, were selling a product. Their product was running and placing esports tournaments within traditional bricks and mortar casinos as a way for casinos, especially US-based casinos, to stay relevant to the younger generation. Their comments were part of their sales pitch and should be viewed in this context—though when they spoke about the benefits of children attending esports tournaments in casinos as a way to evoke positive brand associations between the casino and the child, you got the impression they meant it.

Of course, these tournaments are not held in the casino itself, but in the conference centres or ballrooms. Back in , Downtown Casino on the Las Vegas Strip was the first casino to take wagers on esports events and set up a dedicated esports lounge. Other casinos followed suit, opening dedicated esports arenas. Casinos executives have long been worried about the trend for millennials to display less interest in gambling than their predecessors, and particularly less interest in slot machines, one of their most profitable products.

According to one US-based report, gambling was seen as less important to millennials than other generations, and crucially, the generation who had grown up with digital games perceived traditional slots as dull compared with the type of immersive games they were used to Bokunewicz, Where was the element of skill, of control, where was the narrative and the immersive experience? Slots have changed little and findings like this give casino executives, and slots manufacturers, cause for concern.

But part of the reaction has also been to focus on activities that this generation, and the next, are highly engaged in—and that means a focus on esports. It requires sustained investment and cultivation of partnerships—a one off tournament is unlikely to bring the kind of rewards that industry executives seek. Footnote 7 The rewards, though, are potentially significant, if indeed esports are a training ground for future wagerers.

Given this, it is likely that partnerships between land-based casinos and esports may continue to grow. What the example of esports shows is how interconnected gaming and gambling corporations can and have become. Like social casino and daily fantasy sports, they are a way for gambling corporations to engage with and to identify large segments of the population who may be interested in their products and to market to them, or to reach large numbers people who could be cultivated to become interested in their products.

This is the ultimate in cross-selling—identifying people with an interest in esports and attempting to get them interested in betting on this too, reframing fandom through the lens of gambling. Or an attempt to reach notoriously difficult age groups to pitch them the excitement of the casino and build brand loyalty. Many of the connections already made between sport fandom, clubs and gambling companies for football are equally evident for esports.

If national governments are concerned about this for football, they should be equally so for esports—given the huge audiences this commands and demographic profile of these fans. Yet much of this exists under the radar—the place in which esports is conducted and watched is not visible to most, and certainly not to non-fans. This shields these developments from the view of many but the same processes are at play. There is the potential for esports and gambling to develop a level of co-dependency currently and controversially witnessed within mainstream sports, and evidence of gambling corporations capitalising on the access that esports offers to typically hard to reach groups for their own business needs.

But money is not the only collateral that can be used to bet on esports. This is where we turn our attention to skin betting and gambling. Skins are a commodity unique, though not without parallel, to the world of digital games. Whilst skins exist for a variety of games, it was their addition to the Counter-Strike titles that heralded the start of a new economic market for them.

A skin, quite simply, is a decorative item which players use to customise their weapons or characters. In some respects, it is not dissimilar to children dressing Barbie or Action Man with different accessories. Except that it is so much more than this. Some of the skins are rare, exceptionally rare, and that gives them enormous value. Along with this value comes prestige, where players within a community want to demonstrate their skills and build esteem by owning the most valuable skin.

And the values are astonishing. Being shown around an esports tournament by a colleague, she pointed out the skins possessed by each competitor displayed on the screen. Of course, not all skins command this value, but some are worth thousands and it is not uncommon for some players to have hundreds of pounds invested in skin inventories.

All of this has been enabled by the growth of an economic ecosystem for the buying, selling and trading of skins. Very simply, alongside the CS:GO games there sits another website where people can purchase skins and other in-game items and transfer them to their CS:GO characters. This interface is called the Steam Community Market and, just as the name implies, it works like an online marketplace.

Whilst there is a limit on the value of skins that can be traded on this marketplace, it has an open Application Planning Interface, which means that other websites can link up with Steam and skins can be digitally transferred from one marketplace to another. Instinctively, this invites parallels with the trading of other commodities, like the so-called Tulip Bubble of the mids where fortunes were spent procuring and trading future contracts on the most decorative and rare tulip bulbs.

Fortunes were made and lost—spectacularly so when in the price of tulips dropped dramatically and unexpectedly. It is tempting to view the trading of skins in a similar way—as a bubble which may yet burst. Yet, another way of thinking about skins is as a form of electronic art. Few skins are completely original, but like limited edition artworks, they maintain a monetary value dictated by supply and demand, underpinned by communal values of worth.

Without the community subscribing to a common set of values that are given to individual skins, the market would not exist. Within gaming communities, skins are culturally important artefacts. The possession of them confers status. Within these highly competitive worlds, this gives them an intrinsic value, of which public display is an important component.

I first noticed skins when playing Stick Hero, a super simple game the purpose of which was to successfully get my character from A to B. And the number of these cherries sometimes increased of their own accord I later found out it was linked to how often I played. Curious, I looked up what the cherries gave me—it was access to a marketplace where I could use the cherries to buy new outfits for my character or change my character altogether.

But this was a game that only I played. To my mind, there was no one else to see him, so really what was the point? But other games, especially multiplayer action games, are specifically designed for players, their avatars and their weapons to see and be seen. These games are a spectacle and it is the embedded nature of this spectacle from which skins both derive and confer value.

They may be pieces of electronic art, they may confer power, prestige and status but they are also a form of currency. Once skins were launched, a whole network of secondary marketplaces for them quickly developed. Interestingly, the skin itself is still technically the property of the game producer, but trades of these items are perfectly possible.

These secondary marketplaces included websites which allowed people to sell skins for the currency of their choice. But also, a whole range of gambling sites sprung up, where the skin itself could be used as collateral for betting.

This included lotteries, casinos games and betting on esports itself. All unregulated, all accessible to minors. And popular. But quickly became infamous for other reasons: the year of the skin gambling controversy. As a completely unregulated industry, a raft of shady practices were brought to light. This included YouTube influencers revealing how skin betting websites altered their chances of winning when filming promotional videos so that their products would seem more attractive.

Other influencers were recommending skin betting websites without disclosing that they actually owned the websites they were promoting some of these videos were reportedly viewed over 5 million times. And an entire esports team bet against themselves on the skin betting market, throwing their match.

As with social casino, regulatory, policy and legal interest was piqued. In , class action lawsuits against Valve were issued for sustaining illegal gambling markets and, yet again, Washington State led the clampdown, issuing a letter to Valve stating that they needed to stop facilitating the skin gambling market. However, Valve did then send cease and desist notifications to over 40 skin gambling websites, though it was not entirely successful.

As with social casino, the question centred on whether a skin was a thing of value. The owners were prosecuted for running an unlicensed gambling website which was taking bets from minors.

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